diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index 2db05169..c13a3b3f 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1175,6 +1175,24 @@ DPKG_ARCH ?= "${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 Firmware packages are an exception because they are built for only one architecture.
 
+### Kernel source packages are architecture specific
+
+Kernel source packages have always contained architecture-specific content, but
+this was not previously enforced. As a result, builds for multiple architectures
+could publish different source packages with the same name and version.
+
+Generic kernel recipes can append `${DISTRO_ARCH}` to `PN`, to provide the
+kernel for all architectures.
+
+```
+PN .= "-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
+```
+
+For a kernel built for only one target, the name may remain unchanged. When
+building multiple instances of a kernel selected by the same `KERNEL_NAME`, use
+`${DISTRO_ARCH}` in the name for architecture-specific kernels, or `${MACHINE}`
+for machine-specific kernels.
+
 ### Add Hyper-V machine support
 
 A new machine `hyper-v` has been introduced for building images
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/beagleplay.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/beagleplay.conf
index d030256d..8cefd939 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/beagleplay.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/beagleplay.conf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 DISTRO_ARCH ?= "arm64"
 
-KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline"
+KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 IMAGE_FSTYPES ?= "wic"
 WKS_FILE ?= "beagleplay.wks.in"
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/de0-nano-soc.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/de0-nano-soc.conf
index 78f841df..7059822a 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/de0-nano-soc.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/de0-nano-soc.conf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 DISTRO_ARCH ?= "armhf"
 
-KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline"
+KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 U_BOOT_CONFIG:de0-nano-soc = "socfpga_de0_nano_soc_defconfig"
 U_BOOT_BIN:de0-nano-soc = "u-boot-with-spl.sfp"
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/hikey.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/hikey.conf
index 019e1910..1e696b4d 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/hikey.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/hikey.conf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 DISTRO_ARCH = "arm64"
 
-KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline"
+KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 IMAGE_FSTYPES = "wic"
 WKS_FILE ?= "hikey"
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/qemuamd64-cip.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/qemuamd64-cip.conf
index e7eaa2d6..9d633362 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/qemuamd64-cip.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/qemuamd64-cip.conf
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@
 
 include conf/machine/qemuamd64.conf
 
-KERNEL_NAME = "cip"
+KERNEL_NAME = "cip-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/sifive-fu540.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/sifive-fu540.conf
index c9bbc57b..07846f99 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/sifive-fu540.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/sifive-fu540.conf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 DISTRO_ARCH = "riscv64"
 
-KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline"
+KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 IMAGE_FSTYPES ?= "wic"
 WKS_FILE ?= "sifive-fu540"
diff --git a/meta-isar/conf/machine/stm32mp15x.conf b/meta-isar/conf/machine/stm32mp15x.conf
index 7aa410a5..aa453d8f 100644
--- a/meta-isar/conf/machine/stm32mp15x.conf
+++ b/meta-isar/conf/machine/stm32mp15x.conf
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 DISTRO_ARCH ?= "armhf"
 
-KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline"
+KERNEL_NAME ?= "mainline-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
 
 U_BOOT_CONFIG:stm32mp15x = "stm32mp15_trusted_defconfig"
 U_BOOT_BIN:stm32mp15x = "u-boot.stm32"
diff --git a/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-cip_4.4.166-cip29.bb b/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-cip_4.4.166-cip29.bb
index e2775c8d..bb196b5a 100644
--- a/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-cip_4.4.166-cip29.bb
+++ b/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-cip_4.4.166-cip29.bb
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
+PN .= "-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
+
 inherit linux-kernel
 
 SRC_URI += " \
diff --git a/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-mainline_6.12.85.bb b/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-mainline_6.12.85.bb
index 11b90127..13c694b0 100644
--- a/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-mainline_6.12.85.bb
+++ b/meta-isar/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-mainline_6.12.85.bb
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
+PN .= "-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
+
 require recipes-kernel/linux/linux-mainline.inc
diff --git a/testsuite/citest.py b/testsuite/citest.py
index b50b3bc0..a87e1160 100644
--- a/testsuite/citest.py
+++ b/testsuite/citest.py
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ class KernelTests(CIBaseTest):
         """Test per-kernel recipe variants for external kernel modules."""
 
         targets = ['mc:qemuarm64-bookworm:isar-image-ci']
-        kernel_names = self.params.get('kernel_names', default='mainline')
+        kernel_names = self.params.get('kernel_names', default='mainline-arm64')
         kernel_names = [k.strip() for k in kernel_names.split(',') if k.strip()]
         modules = [f"example-module-{k}" for k in kernel_names]
         modules.append('example-module-${KERNEL_NAME}')